|
ALCOHOL FERMENTATION |
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION |
GASIFICATION |
PELLETIZATION |
PYROLYSIS |
COMBUSTION |
Scale |
Ethanol yield
102-106 m3
annually
|
Reactor size
50-10.000 m3 |
1 kWe – 150 MWe
depending on the technology used |
Pellet yield
102-105 t
annually |
Pilot plant of 200kg/h, with 66% energy yield |
Small-to large scale |
Temperature |
15-60
oC |
Optimum 35
oC or 55oC |
650-1200
oC |
150
oC |
400-800
oC |
>800
oC |
Input
(preferable) |
Food crops and by products, forest residues, energy crops, biowaste |
Biowaste &waste waters, by-products, energy crops |
Forest products, energy crops, biowaste |
Woody, herbaceous and fruit biomass, blends & mixtures |
Forest products, energy crops, mill wood waste, agriculture and urban organic wastes |
Pellets, Biomass, wood wastes, |
Requirements for input |
Homogenous input, sufficient, sugar content, nutrients |
Total solids up to 40% |
Moisture 6-45%
ash< 15% |
Moisture 10-25%
particle size < 20 mm |
Moisture <45%
Ash <25% |
Moisture <50% |
Inhibitors |
Ash; Furfurals,
levulinic acid, aromatic compounds (arising during the process) |
Antibiotics & other organic compounds, ammonia, sulphide, ions, heavy metals |
alkali metals, trace impurities,
(S, Cl, N),
particulates (inorganics, fly ash) |
|
Alkali metals, trace impurities (suplhur, chlorine, nitrogen), particulates (inorganic, fly ash) |
Manure, organic domestic wastes, fish industries wastes |
Output (useful) |
Ethanol, butane & other alcohols |
Methane |
Product gas (syngas) |
Pellets |
Pyrolysis oils |
Heat |
Output (others) |
Liquid & solid residues, gases |
CO2, digestate |
Gaseous impurities, char, tars |
Dust |
Gases, char |
Ash |
Post-treatment |
Purification & distillation |
Depends on the usage |
Particulates & tars removal |
Dust removal |
Oxygen removal |
Depends on the usage |
Applications & use |
Transportation, fuel, CHP; digestate as fertilizer or animal feed |
Transportation, fuel, CHP; digestate as fertilizer or soil conditioner |
CHP, synthetic fuel production |
Small scale combustion, CHP, fuel for gasifiers, animal bedding |
CHP and fuel for engines |
Electricity and heat production, liquid or gaseous fuels |
Troubleshooting |
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Explore it |
Explore it |
